颅底肿瘤
你需要知道的
- 颅底由几块骨头组成，这些骨头构成了头的底部以及眼睛和鼻子后面的骨脊.
- Many different kinds of tumors can grow in this area. 当它们长得足够大，对大脑造成压力时，它们更有可能引起症状，并被诊断出来.
- 治疗颅底肿瘤具有挑战性，因为它们可以在颅骨深处生长，靠近大脑中的关键神经和血管, head, 颈部和脊髓.
What are the different types of skull base tumor?
颅底肿瘤通常生长在颅骨内部，但偶尔也会在颅骨外部形成. 它们可以作为原发性肿瘤起源于颅底，也可以作为肿瘤从身体其他部位扩散到颅底 转移性脑瘤.
颅底肿瘤是根据肿瘤类型和在颅底的位置来分类的.
In the front section of the skull base (anterior cranial fossa), which contains the eye sockets 和 sinuses, the following tumors are more likely:
颅底中央隔室(中颅窝)包含蝶鞍, 脑下垂体位于颅底的鞍状骨结构. Tumors arising in this area are called sellar tumors, 和 may include:
At the back compartment of the skull base (posterior cranial fossa), the following tumors are more common:
其他颅底肿瘤
软骨瘤
软骨瘤 are very rare benign tumors made of bone cartilage found in the skull. Both the skull base 和 the paranasal sinuses contain cartilage. 软骨瘤可以在软骨中发展，通常发生在10到30岁之间的人身上.
这些肿瘤生长缓慢, but eventually may cause the bone to fracture or grow too much, 给大脑造成压力. In rare instances, chondromas may develop into a cancerous condition called 软骨肉瘤.
Though each individual may experience symptoms differently, 当出现软骨瘤时, it may cause visual changes or headache.
Diagnosing a chondroma may include imaging studies such as X-ray, CT scan or MRI to determine the size 和 location of the tumor.
脑膨出
脑膨出 脑的部分囊状突起和脑膜是否通过颅骨的开口. These rare birth defects occur when the neural tube, in which the brain 和 spinal cord form, fails to close completely during fetal development. Skin or, less often, a thin membrane, covers the sac outside the skull.
脑膨出 can occur in the base of the skull, 颅骨:颅骨的顶部或后部, 或者额头和鼻子之间. Conditions associated with encephaloceles include 脑积水 (excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain), 发育迟缓, microcephaly (an abnormally small head), 麻痹和癫痫.
当脑膨出发生时，可能会引起以下任何或所有症状:
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头疼
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鼻引流
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脑膜炎
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视觉障碍
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耳鸣
诊断脑膨出包括分析鼻液中一种叫做-2转铁蛋白的蛋白质，这种蛋白质只在脑脊液中发现. 也可能需要CT和MRI扫描来确定泄漏的位置和严重程度.
血管外皮细胞瘤
血管外皮细胞瘤 are rare tumors that involve the blood vessels. They are most common in the legs, pelvic area, head, neck 和 brain. 血管外皮细胞瘤 often are painless masses with few or no symptoms.
大多数血管外皮细胞瘤见于软组织，但也可能发生在颅底, nasal cavity 和 paranasal sinuses. These tumors may be benign or malignant; cancerous hemangiopericytomas can spread to the bone, 肺或肝.
In addition to a complete medical history 和 physical examination, diagnostic procedures for hemangiopericytomas may include X-ray, CT scan or MRI to determine the size 和 location of the tumor.
血管外皮细胞瘤 treatment involves surgery, involving either a 颅骨切开术 or an endonasal endoscopic procedure. 外科医生可能会建议在手术后进行放疗或化疗，以增加获得良好结果的机会.
Skull Base Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
鼻咽血管纤维瘤, also known as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, is a benign tumor in the nose usually found in adolescent boys.
鼻咽血管纤维瘤s spread into areas around the nose, causing symptoms such as a stuffy nose 和 bleeding from the nose.
颅底骨瘤
骨瘤 良性骨生长(新骨生长)是否主要出现在颅骨和面部骨骼上. If the bone tumor grows on another bone, it is called homoplastic osteoma. If it grows on tissue, it is called eteroplastic osteoma.
Skull base osteomas are slow growing 和 generally cause no symptoms. 然而，某些部位的大骨瘤可能会导致呼吸、视力或听力问题.
石质尖端病变
岩尖病变 畸形是否发生在靠近中耳的颅骨骨尖. 最常见的岩状顶点病变类型是良性胆固醇肉芽肿，为囊肿. Other petrous apex lesions include cholesteatomas, 岩石的根尖炎, 岩尖积液, 骨癌.
Most petrous apex lesions are benign. 然而, 其他类型癌症的患者可能会发展为转移性岩状顶点病变, 哪些是恶性肿瘤，起源于身体其他部位的癌症，然后扩散到大脑.
